Quartz

Known for its durability, clear or varied colours (like citrine and amethyst), piezoelectric properties (used in watches), and extensive use in glass, rocks, and building materials like countertops, quartz is a complex, crystalline mineral composed of silicon dioxide, the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's crust. It is a common component of many igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks because of its stable silicon-oxygen tetrahedra framework, which also provides it resilience to weathering. Important traits Composition: dioxide silicon. Abundance: The second most prevalent mineral in the crust of the Earth. Structure: Framework silicate crystal with a distinctive six-sided form. Hardness: Exceptionally resilient to weathering and scratches. Due to impurities or inclusions, colour can range from colourless (rock crystal) to purple (amethyst), yellow (citrine), pink, black, and more.